第二次太空授课顺利举行
据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，2022年3月23日15时44分，“天宫课堂”第二课在中国空间站开讲，“太空教师”翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富在中国空间站为广大青少年再度带来了一场“高能”的太空科普课。中科院空间应用工程与技术中心应用发展中心主任张伟在接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，与中国空间站第一次太空授课所不同的是，第二次太空授课中，带上中国空间站的实验柜也参与到了授课活动，三名航天员将日常生活中的一些科学知识和太空中的科学研究结合起来进行演示。
在约45分钟的授课中，翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富相互配合，生动演示微重力环境下太空“冰雪”实验、液桥演示实验、水油分离实验、太空抛物实验，深入浅出讲解实验现象背后的科学原理，同时展示了部分空间科学设施，介绍了在空间站的工作生活情况。授课期间，航天员通过视频通话形式与地面课堂师生进行了互动交流。
在首先进行的太空“冰雪”实验中，“太空教师”王亚平演示了失重状态下的饱和液体结晶现象。据《环球时报》记者了解，这项实验由中科院空间应用工程与技术中心提交。其主要是利用过饱和无水醋酸钠溶液结晶来呈现“点水成冰”的效果。
在液桥演示实验中，王亚平则演示了失重环境下水的表面张力作用。天宫课堂地面主课堂授课教师李晓彤介绍称，在地面上无法做出空间站上这么大的液桥，而“太空老师”们就可以更加形象地展现了这个实验，让同学们对于液体表面张力有了更加直观和深刻的认识。“太空授课的液桥实验一方面是书本上的一种非常好的实践和补充，让同学们在头脑中靠想象才能理解的图像得以放大和实现，从而更加深刻地去理解这个概念。”
在水油分离实验中，王亚平演示的是失重环境下水油分层现象消失、通过旋转产生离心力实现分层的现象。吴老师介绍称，这些实验共同展示的现象都是密度分层的消失，原因就在于空间站中的微重力环境。
在最后开展的太空抛物实验中，王亚平则用冰墩墩演示了演示天地之间抛物的区别。天宫课堂地面主课堂授课老师张健介绍称，通过这项实验可以引申出牛顿的高山大炮实验和第一宇宙速度的概念。“牛顿的高山大炮实验是一种思想实验，它指的是用一定的思维法则在头脑中进行物理问题研究的思维方式和研究方法，思想实验是一种重要的思维方式，也是物理学研究问题的方法，人们如果掌握了思想实验，就可以在逻辑力量的支配下去探索未知的世界。”张健称。
在接受《环球时报》记者采访时，张伟透露，根据中国空间站的工程任务安排，未来还会有生命科学实验柜、流体实验柜、燃烧实验柜、基础物理实验柜等十几个科学实验柜，随着实验舱Ⅰ和实验舱Ⅱ送入太空。将开展包括细胞、植物、动物生命科学实验，此外还将开展流体实验，颗粒物、气体的燃烧实验，基础物理的实验等。
此外，张伟表示“太空授课可以激发中小学生对科学的兴趣，激励我们的青少年未来参与到科技事业中来。一个国家想要强大，首先科技实力就必须强大，这就需要后继有人，有更多的优秀人才加入到科技队伍当中，而太空授课正可以激发广大青少年不断追寻‘科学梦’的热情。”张伟称。
Students enjoyed the latest science lecture given by astronauts on board China's Tiangong space station on Wednesday, watching them display unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft.
Major General Zhai Zhigang, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew, appeared on television screens watched by millions of students across China at 4 pm, saying they were happy to share scientific facts about spaceflight with students.
During the 41-minute lesson, which was livestreamed worldwide by China Media Group, the astronauts carried out four experiments to show physical phenomena only possible in microgravity, including liquid crystallization and a water bridge.
In one experiment, Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen, the popular mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, to display how objects fly in a weightless environment.
They also showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment inside the space station.
Hundreds of students in Beijing, Lhasa, capital of the Tibet autonomous region, and Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, watched the event at"ground class venues".
Before closing the lecture, the astronauts answered questions solicited from members of the public and raised by students at the ground venues. The questions covered various facets of life and work in space, such as how to take care of your skin, whether hot water was available, and how tears move in a microgravitational environment.
Wednesday's event marked the third time Wang has engaged in a space lecture. During the Shenzhou X mission in June 2013, she carried out the nation's first space-based lecture inside an experimental space station module to more than 60 million Chinese students. It made China the second country, following the United States, to have delivered a lesson to schoolchildren from space.
Inearly December, Wang and her crewmates conducted the country's second space lesson from the Tiangong station. The astronauts showed viewers how they live and work inside the space station, which consists of a core module, a human-rating certified spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
Shi Yi, deputy head of teaching and a physics teacher at Beijing No 101 Middle School, said after today's educational activity that science lectures delivered by astronauts can motivate students to explore the miraculous world of science and technology.
She said that encouraged by China's spaceflight achievements, her school has built a space science laboratory and begun lessons about space exploration.
"We encourage our students to imagine what a lunar outpost will look like and then design their own version," Shi said. "The teachers also discuss with their students about how to launch a Martian probe and how to make a spacesuit."
Zhang Wei, a senior scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, said that in the near future, more scientific devices will be placed in the Tiangong station and appear in science activities for the public.
The Shenzhou XIII mission was launched on Oct 16 by a Long March 2F carrier rocketthat blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China's Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station.
They have spent more than five months working in the station, and are scheduled to fly back to Earth in the middle of next month at the end of China's longest manned space mission.
信息来源：中国日报网（英文版），环球网
Astronauts deliver lecture in space [EB/OL]. [2022-3-24]. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202203/24/WS623bd1baa310fd2b29e52f3a.html，https://china.huanqiu.com/article/47JFypRP1pw.
编译：王晨雨 校对：俞紫梅